Elements of Crime

Elements of a Crime (Actus Reus & Mens Rea) Model Lesson Plan Source: Original lesson plan. Handout #2 from David Crump, Criminal Law: Cases, Statutes, And Lawyering Strategies, Lexis Nexis 2005 pg. 117-18. I. Goals: by the end of this class sstudents should have a sthrong foundation for reading criminal statutes and differentiating ssimilar crimes. II. Objectives a. Knowledge objectives: as a result of this class sstudents will be better able to: i. define â€Å"Actus Reus† and â€Å"Mens Rea† ii. understand the different gradations of Mens Rea iii. nderstand the differences between Washington’s homicide statutes b. Skills objectives: as a result of this class sstudents will be better able to: i. read a statute carefully and apply it to fact patterns ii. present and defend their interpretations of the law c. Attitude objectives: i. Sstudents should understand that the severity of criminal punishments can vary greatly depending on the defendant’s mental st ate in a manner that is largely consistent with the general societal belief that intentionally wrongful acts are worse than unintentional, but still wrongful acts. ii.Sstudents should carefully consider the potentially harsh results that occur when legislatures replace mens rea with strict liability. III. Methods (1)Distribute Handout #1 (Hypos) (2)Read the introductory hypothetical aloud as a class. Ask for volunteers to answer the questions. a. The class should come to the conclusion that Frank did â€Å"cause† Bill’s death in the sense that if he hadn’t moved the mirror in the particular way he did at that exact time, the window washer wouldn’t have been blinded and Bill wouldn’t have slipped. This is a good example of â€Å"but for† or â€Å"actual causation† as used in Handout #2.However, the law typically only imposes liability where the defendant’s conduct is the â€Å"proximate cause† of the harmful event/ crime. b. However, it seems like Frank didn’t do anything â€Å"wrong. † Try to elicit why this result seems wrong and write the class’s ideas on the whiteboard. (3)Distribute Handout #2 (Elements) (4)Handout #2 Walk through the Elements handout. Be careful to explain that not all of the elements are always present in a criminal statute. For example, attempted murder doesn’t have a harm element and parking violations don’t have a mens rea element, e. g. ne can receive a parking citation for parking in a handicapped spot even if it was unintentional or an accident. Furthermore, the elements aren’t perfectly discrete and there is some overlap. (5)Distribute Handout #3 (Statutes) a. Explain that the groups will be analyzing the hypos with respect to the statutes provided in Handout #3. The Grades of Homicide are meant to demonstrate the changes mens rea. b. Walk through the statutes and give a thumbnail sketch of i. First degree murder: 1. Premeditat ed killing. An intentional killing that was deliberate and contemplated prior to the killing. . Extreme Indifference. Covers the possibility that someone knows that what they are going to do will result in the death of another person, but at the same time doesn’t â€Å"intend† to kill. See the bomb hypo in handout # 1. ii. Second degree murder 1. Intentional killing without premeditation. The classic example is a passion killing where the homicide occurs in the heat of the moment. iii. First degree manslaughter 1. Recklessness. Conscious awareness of an unacceptable risk to human life. Recklessness is ssimilar to extreme indifference, but the risk that human life will be lost is less. v. Second degree manslaughter 1. Criminal negligence. Gross deviation from standard of care. v. Statutory rape 1. No mens rea. Strict liability with a limited affirmative defense where minor misrepresents age. In an effort to protect minor children, state legislatures have placed an incre ased burden to ascertain age on the older party. (6)Break into groups of 3-5 to apply statutes to Hypos 1-5. Have groups designate a reporter and a recorder. The recorder should write each of the group members’ names on the top of handout #1 and also record the group’s aanswers on the space provided.The Reporter is responsible for explaining the group’s reasoning and conclusion when the class reconvenes. (7)Reconvene Class: call on each group to present their analysis of one hypo. Ask questions to push them in the right direction if you think they missed something or ask questions forcing them to defend their aanswers if you think they got it right. Note to teacher: suggested aanswers to the hypotheticals are on a separate sheet at the end of this lesson plan. (8)Take-away: mens rea standards vary widely from premeditated intent to strict liability.You need to read statutes carefully to determine the correct standard. IV. Evaluation a. Group performance on writt en responses to Hypos1-5 and class discussion. V. Assignment a. Write a one page response to the following question: Shcould Melvin be punished for his relationship with Laura? If not, please explain why. How do you think Washington’s statutory rape statute should be changed? If you think that Melvin should be punished, please explain why. Handout #1: Hypothetical Scenarios Introductory Hypo: Frank is helping his friend move into a downtown Seattle condo.While unloading a large mirror from the moving truck, the bright sunlight hits the mirror and reflects against the 40th floor of the skyscraper across the street which temporarily blinds a window washer and causes him to stumble. During this moment of temporary blindness, lasting about a second and a half, the window washer inadvertently kicks over his window washing bucket onto the street below. The water and soap from the bucket hit the sidewalk right in front of Bill the jogger. Bill was unable to stop before stepping on t he slippery sidewalk, causing him to lose his balance and fall.When Bill fell, he hit his head on the sidewalk. Bill died two weeks later from his head injury. Suppose that Washington law provides: Anyone who causes the death of another person shall be guilty of murder. Wcould Frank be guilty of murder under this law? Shcould he be? Group Exercise Hypos Instructions: Nominate someone in your group to be the recorder and another person to be the class reporter. Read each hypothetical and determine which statute, if any, applies to the facts of the hypothetical and whether the defendant has violated the statute.Hypo #1: Sarah is held at gun point by Roger on a rooftop. Roger tells Sarah that she must shoot and kill Steven. Sarah pleads with Roger to let her go and that she does not want to kill Steven. Roger tells Sarah that unless she successfully shoots and kills Steven, he will kill Sarah and her entire family. Roger has a violent reputation and Sarah has no reason to believe that Roger will not follow through with his threat. Roger identifies Steven walking on the other side of the street and tells Sarah to take the shot.Fearing for the safety of her family and herself, Sarah takes careful aim at Steven, gauges the wind and change in elevation, and fires a precise shot penetrating Steven’s heart. What crimes if any has Sarah committed?

Ricardo’s Theory of Distribution

Ricardo’s contribution in his theory of distribution Ricardo sought to show how changes in distribution affect production and contended that as the economy grows, rent rises which leads to low profits and deters economic growth. Ricardo's theory of distribution has been briefly enunciated as follows: â€Å"(1) The demand for food determines the margin of cultivation; (2) this margin determines rent; Ricardo defined rent as â€Å"payment for the original and indestructible powers of the soil†.He identified rent as the margin of cultivation (i. e. When more land was taken to cultivation), but rent also arises because of diminishing returns of the land of the same quality (i. e. on the intensive margin). (3) the amount necessary to maintain the labourer determines wages; Increased agricultural production leads to higher money wages but the same real wages. Ricardo assumed, via the population principle, that ‘wage rates would be at subsistence levels in the long run. On the other hand, higher nominal wage rates and increasing aggregate rents place a two-way squeeze on profits. Although under competition profits are the same for all firms in a given industry, the inevitable tendency of profits is to decline as output increases. Eventually a minimum profit is reached at which additional capital accumulation and new investment ceases. (4) the difference between the amount produced by a given quantity of labour at the margin and the wages of that labour determines profit. Ricardo recognized that there is no measure of value, since any measure chosen varies with fluctuations in wages and profit rates. Moreover, he feels that the rising of rents will push profits down until there is no more profit, which probably might be the end of capitalism in his opinion. These theorems are too absolutely stated, and require much modification to adapt them to real life.

Mysterious mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mysterious mythology - Essay Example According to the myth, the brave hero Marduk kills a human embodiment of Tiamat and builds a new Universe. "First, he splits Tiamat's fallen body into two parts. With one half of her body, he creates the visible heavens; the other half he secures in the Underworld with a bolt, so that her waters cannot escape" (Alford, 2005). Then, Marduk constructs Heaven and organizes new constellations. Thus, the main scenario is following : 'The Order struggled the Chaos and won the right to possess Unviverse". The personification of the Order is an immortal hero, who is able to construct as well as destruct, so on the ruins of Chaotic Universe he builds a new one, which follows his strict rules and fits his scheme. It is important to mention that the myth also refers to an archetype of rebirth, since the body of fallen Apsu-Tiamat was used to create a new universe. Egyptian creation myth has many similarities, even though it is geocentric and narrates about the 'old Earth' which turned to chaotic state, since it existed between death and living. The character of the Great God frees the Earth from its body - and takes up, to the skies. "At the same time, the proto-earth gathers itself together, rises up from the watery abyss, splits open, and ejects the primeval matter from which the sky-ocean, the stars, the Sun, and the Moon will be born. This is the myth of the separation of the heavens from the earth" (Alford, 2005). The separation is followed by creation of upper and underworlds, heaven and stars. That is to say, the myth is connected with cataclysm, and the creation provides an understanding that ancient Egyptians adored Sun and prayed for its 'rebirth' (sunrise) to the Great God daily. Furthermore, the myth reflects the belief of supernatural power of Moon (which changes its position and size), starts and the Nile River, which influenced agriculture a lot. All of these usual, frequent events of nature were a continuous reminder of the power of new beginning which follows the death. The embodiment of Chaos in Egyptian mythology is a 'proto-Earth' which was destructed by the new order and renewed by the constructive power of Highest Deity.Ancient Greeks worshipped the Sun, the Moon and Olympic gods who easily controlled natural powers. While the adoration of the Sun and the Moon is traditional for ancient religions, the adoration of a special Olymplic race of gods has great meaning for the whole system of religion. The Greek creation also starts with cataclysms, which follow one another as well as generations of the proto-gods, and new gods had been replacing older deities until the world was created. Olympian gods represented natural forces in Greek mythology and there were gods of light, darkness, fertility, life, death, who participated in the creation of mankind. Thus, in ancient Greeks as an agricultural civiliz ation, focused on the natural forces as the main determinants of creation. Furthermore, the element of 'Chaos vs. Order struggle' is presented in an idea of chaotically changing generations of gods and titans, who finally came to a certain consent and constructed our planet.To my view, these three myths explain global cataclysm, which lead

Introduction to Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to Financial Services - Essay Example The latter two correspond to its lines of businesses for individuals and for corporations. The most recent developments in the company’s operations and prospects include the disposal of its Latvian portfolio of mortgages to SwedBank AB, which occurred in February of 2012; the disposal of its AIB International Financial Services Limited and AIB Jerseytrust operations in 2011; the disposal of its stake in Bank Zachodni to Banco Santander SA in April 2011, comprising 70.4 percent of its total stake in that bank; the disposal of its 50 percent stake in BZ WBK AIB Asset Management likewise in April of 2011; and the acquisition of the EBS Building Society in July of 2011 (Google). It is noteworthy that while many of its activities are concentrated in Ireland, it has substantial presence in the UK, and also some presence in the United States, the latter in the form of CICB banking services on offer to corporations in the US, as well as in the UK. Moreover, it has a business segment f ocused solely on Northern Ireland and Greater Britain, in the form of its AIB UK business segment. This business segment is registered in the UK, and operates under the name of Allied Irish Bank GB. This business segment operates 28 full branches all over the UK, with regular banking services coupled with corporate and international banking (Reuters). Meanwhile, due to Central Bank mandates for the bank to up its capital base, AIB raised â‚ ¬ 14.8 billion of new capital through the flotation of new shares (AIB). The series of moves tied to this flotation effectively resulted in the Irish government coming to own all but a tiny fraction of all of the ordinary shares at AIB (AIB): On 31 March 2011, the Central Bank published its 'Financial Measures Programme Report', which detailed the outcome of PCAR 2011 and Prudential Liquidity Assessment Review (â€Å"PLAR†) 2011 for certain Irish credit institutions, including AIB and EBS. On this date, the Central Bank stated that it h ad set a new capital target for AIB and EBS, ultimately requiring AIB and EBS to generate a total of â‚ ¬ 14.8 billion of additional capital. This additional capital requirement was satisfied through AIB's placing of â‚ ¬ 5.0 billion of new ordinary shares with the NPRFC, capital contributions totalling â‚ ¬ 6.1 billion from the Minister for Finance and the NPRFC, the issue of â‚ ¬ 1.6 billion of contingent capital notes at par to the Minister (which completed on 27 July 2011), and further burden-sharing measures undertaken with the Group's subordinated debt-holders. Following these actions, the State, through the NPRFC, now owns 99.8% of the ordinary shares of AIB (AIB). II. Financial Performance The company’s ADR is valued at $31.03 billion as of the latest stock market close, with the stock ranging in value from a high of $1.87 and a low of $0.56. The most recent stock price close is at $0.60. Below is a snapshot of the performance of its ADR stock price from S eptember 2011 to the present (Google): Plot source: Google While data on the ADR is recent and short-term, data on the five-year financial performance of the bank is available through to 2009 from 2005, hitting the years from 2007 when the global financial crisis hit, but missing out on the past few years data, including the data relevant to its recent flotation of ordinary shares that transferred ownership of most ordinary shares to the Irish governm

Managing across Cultures ( My sis ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managing across Cultures ( My sis ) - Essay Example Models of Cultural Dimension Hofstede Model Geert Hofstede cultural dimension theory was introduced in 1993. While working in international business it becomes essential to understand the different cultures of the people and based on this various decision can be taken. In this theory different management concept and practices in different countries has been evaluated by analysing five dimensions of culture. Power Distance: It is the extent to which inequality between the powers of the people of a country is distributed. High power distance based cultures are generally hierarchical in nature in which everybody is placed. Low power distance culture implies equalisation of power and wants justification of power inequalities when it occurs. France and India are examples of countries that are high in power distance. The Netherlands is a country that is low in power distance. ... It has been found that men are considered violent and competitive, whereas women are supposed to be gentle and are concerned with home and family. Uncertainty Avoidance: It defines the point at which a value of the culture is predictable in nature and whether the people assume new ideas as risky or challenge. Hofstede finds that people who prefer to avoid uncertainty believe in the rules that are made to be followed. They should be with the organisation for a lifetime and for this uncertainty level there is stressful life. Japan is an example of a country that is high in uncertainty avoidance. India and the US are examples of countries that are low in uncertainty avoidance. Long-Term Orientation versus Short-Term Orientation: It is the cultural attribute that focuses on whether people is focussed on long term benefit such as saving money for the future or on the short term basis that like abide by the various social responsibility and traditions (Changing Minds, 2011). Source: (Desig ned for Africa, 2010). While working overseas in different countries with different people, at first their national culture with these dimensions is to be evaluated. Hofstede’s theory demonstrates that with one or more of the dimension all the countries are different in certain way or the other from each other. Trompenaars Model Trompenaars is a Dutch culturalist who has introduced international culture. In this model major dimension of person versus task and centralised versus decentralised have been determined. The various cultural dimension of this model are: Universalism vs. Particularism: The high universalism culture stress on formal rules and contracts to their individual

Disaster Management System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Disaster Management System - Essay Example More often, the damage is so sudden that all precautionary and preventive measures fail. For example, the hurricane that caused the devastation of Smallville, Florida led to a complete revision of the city's disaster management system. Hence, we define our problem, "there is a need to establish emergency management systems where they are not aligned and strengthen such systems where already applied". After defining the problem we can establish the objective of this essay as "design, develop and ensure successful implementation of a disaster management system which minimizes the probability of destruction caused by a disaster, whether natural or man-made." It is evident that survival chances after a disaster are widely improved if people, governments, organizations and emergency services have sufficient preparation of essentially required plans and equipments. Such measures are highly dependent on the location and can vary with the kind of disasters that may occur in the area. This give rise to the concept of disaster management which is basically a process of continous planning aimed at prevention.. Disaster management therefore refers to programs and measures designed to prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to and recover from the aftereffects of disasters. Activities that are designed to reduce the risks of damage caused to public through disasters come under mitigation. It involves continous efforts to educate governments, organizations and general public on measures they can take to diminsh loss and injury. Thus, mitigations attempt to prevent the disaster from occurring, or reduce its effects. For example, projects like raising the level of a city and efficient drainage system can prevent floods to cause massive damages. Preparedness Preparedness sets out a series of measures to prepare the masses to tackle with natural or man-made disasters. Usually a policy is directed by the government to prepare for nonmilitary civil emergencies before they happen. Many cities also offer training for community emergency response team. Training is provided to teams of amateur emergency workers in every neighborhood. These are truly useful because in an emergency, emergency service providers are instantly overloaded. The trained amateurs can handle emergency rescues instantly and assist professional emergency services. Response The degree of responsiveness of emergency management services is cruical in minimizing the effects of disaster. A very common problem however is the lack of trained respondents in case of mass emergencies. There are always fewer people handling the situation and larger people suffering from it. Recovery Rebuilding damaged infrastructure and restoring people to their normal course of life is covered under the recovery phase. The essential recovery is to repair bridges and roads so as to give access to rescue teams to the affected areas as well as provide exit routes for the people affected by the disaster. Roads also provide a way to delivering essential supplies like food and water. It is important to understand that all four phases work together. For instance, if the mitigation phase is flawed, the recovery phase even if strong is going to suffer. Human behavior in a Moment of Crises Panic is the right word to define the immediate response of people.

Arab-Israeli war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arab-Israeli war - Essay Example When they left their homeland, they dispersed to different European areas while carrying their identity with themselves. They ended up being quite successful and their success resulted in anti Jewish sentiments. The Jewish community experienced rejection throughout the world and during the 638 AD, the land recognized as Jerusalem was taken over by the Ottoman Empire and Muslim rule was observed in this area. Later in 1517, the region of Palestine was captured by the Ottoman Empire and during the period of 1897 the congress of the Zionist started protesting for a homeland of the Jewish community in the region of Palestine. Later during the World War I, British obtained support from the Arab community by promising them a separate land which even included Palestine in return of their support during the war to defeat turkey which was supporting the Germans in the war. Three years later, the British even promised Jews for a separate homeland in the region of Palestine. Before this promise , the region was divided between France and Britain. In this division France secured the regions of Syria and Lebanon and Britain secured the regions of Iraq and Jordon while an agreement was made to internationalize the region of Palestine. After the war, British failed to keep its promises and Jews started migrating to the region of Palestine. ... er in size and more amount of land was assigned to the Jewish community because of sympathies the UN had for Jews due to their experience during the Holocaust. The first wave of war that took place between Arabs and Jews was an outcome of the creation of independent state from the Jews and this region as recognized as Israel. Due to this Arabs started fighting against Israel and took hold of a small region recognized as the Old City of Jerusalem. This war led to a ceasefire, but after the first four weeks of this Cease fire, the Jews made advancements and another cease fire took place. Then in the August of 1948, the war started again and a cease fire was observed during 1949. Due to this, Arab refugees gained refugee in camps created on the borders of Israel which is another cause of the entire conflict. This led to the division of the entire region into three parts with Jews covering major portion of the region. In 1956 Jews again started war over Egypt and later cease fire took pl ace but by that time Jews had taken over the Gaza strip along with Sharm el Sheikh. Later Jews returned these pieces of land by getting into an agreement through which they could access Gulf of Aqaba (Tucker 850). The Jews even banned the return refugees and this is one of the long term reasons due to which Arabs hate the Jews to date. Later more land was captured by Jews during 1967, but it was later returned as enforced by United Nations. Approximately 20 years later, Palestinian uprisings started to take place in the region of Gaza Strip and these uprisings were called as Intifada. These uprisings were conducted by people of all ages and in these uprisings, the Israeli army was stoned by the protestors. As feedback, Israeli army started killing children who were protesting and a three

Renewable Energy Opportunities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Renewable Energy Opportunities - Research Paper Example The research will be conducted using both primary and secondary sources, whereby, primary research will entail field surveys that will be conducted in areas where solar and wind energy has been used. The main method for data collection during the study using this method is going to be interview and observation. The residents shall be interviewed on the motivation that has made them invest in renewable energy. Additionally, they will be required to give a list of challenges that they have faced in harvesting energy from renewable sources. Similarly, the researcher will observe to give a report on the possible factors that might have made the region a suitable place to set up energy harvesting plants.Secondly, in secondary resources, the researchers will be required to read from relevant materials that have been researched and recorded by others in the past. The researcher will be able to have enough material in supporting the research topic. The research is conducted to establish usef ul measures that can be implemented to increase energy production from secondary sources to reduce overreliance on non-renewable sources electricity. The research will create a platform where the researcher will be able to get feedback from the public hence will be able to make informed recommendation about the steps to be taken to improve the situation. Globally, there have been organizations and institutions that are keen on ensuring the implementation of projects on harvesting energy from sustainable sources.... researcher will be able to get feedback from the public hence will be able to make informed recommendation about the steps to be taken to improve the situation. Project Background Globally, there have been organizations and institutions that are keen on ensuring the implementation of projects on harvesting energy from sustainable sources. There are organizations that have received international recognition in renewable energy and they include: international Energy Agency among others. This organization supports the use of renewable energy to diversify energy sources (Langwith 112). Motivation Overreliance on non renewable sources is leading to depletion of the resource. Additionally, such sources of energy lead to pollution of environment since global gases are released to the air during combustion. Continued exploitation of fossil fuels to get energy will lead complete depletion of the resource. Use of renewable sources of energy will lead to flexibility in energy provision system a nd residents will not suffer following failure of energy supply (Bazia & Abdollah 26). Research objective The aim of this research is to establish whether there is a way in which harvesting of energy from renewable sources can be implemented for large scale harvesting of the energy. After carrying out the study, it will be established that it is possible to harvest energy from renewable sources in large scale as an alternative to non renewable energy. Literature review Across the world, the market for renewable energy is growing rapidly. Most people who are focusing in renewable energy are motivated by high prices for oil, climate change due to global warming and support from the governments. Government agencies in many countries are for the idea of investing funds and skills in improving

Thematical Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thematical Analysis Assignment - Essay Example munication, decision-making autonomy, the use of project teams, and differentiated models including socialisation, formalisation, and centralisation (Ambos and Schlegelmilch 2007). The results of this study indicate that MNC units give high priority to their agenda on R & D and interdependent control mechanisms; also that political approaches have relatively weak predictive power as compared to contingency approaches. According to Pagell and Halperin (1998, p.64) the mulinational corporation has its home in one country â€Å"but operates and lives under the laws and customs of other countries as well†. The control mechanisms used in managing Research and Development international units are the various contingencies such as the role of communication and decision-making autonomy. theory and organisational power having the potential to unify the contingencies mentioned above into one framework, there is inhibition to the further progress and integration of this innovative development relating to control of R & D. This is because of the isolated treatment of individual contingency variables and the absence of a unifying theoretical framework. Data was collected from 134 R & D units of German MNCs with research and development units located overseas, to test the hypotheses (Ambos and Schlegelmilch 2007). The strengths of the research methodology are that the size of the sample is adequately large for drawing relevant conclusions from the study, and the variables are comprehensive, including centralisation, formalisation, socialisation, cultural distance, R & D unit size, embeddedness, interdependence, international adaptors, and international creators. No variable exhibits distribution or correlation problems. On the other hand, the weaknesses of the study include the fact that there is significant variance due to the sample size. The R & D units range in age from one year to over sixty years. The number of employees in the units also differ widely from 34%

Article # 6 (due 10-26) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Article # 6 (due 10-26) - Essay Example According to Chris (2012) lack of basic patient information including the demographics of the patient, credit risk and the estimated price for the services leads to misrepresented bottom-Line financial results. To come up with an appropriate financial record, the health care provider has to come up with the collect payments and estimate costs. In relation to the financial affairs of the provider, it is difficult to charge the necessary costs on a patient if the patient information is wrong. Providing an appropriate bill for a patient and the appropriate treatment is difficult as a result of poor recording. Poor recording of patient information leads to misappropriation of bills and treatment records; this may cripple the operations of the organization due to the huge losses on the bottom-line financial records. According to the study works of Chris (2012) it is vital for the organization to record patient’s records appropriately to avoid getting appalling bottom-line financial

Culver City Essay Example for Free

Culver City Essay Because of the changes that have taken place in the nursing home industry throughout the past decade, service area competitor analyses have become an increasingly important aspect of environmental analysis. The process of service area competitor analysis involves first of all an identification of the service category for analysis. It then moves on to include identifying of competitors, determining the strengths and weaknesses of rivals, and anticipating their moves based on the analysis of the data collected. The service area selected for this particular analysis is the Culver City nursing home industry. The market for nursing home care in Culver City, California is changing rapidly and has been considered a buyer’s market for specialty care. The population of Culver City in relation to the number of senior citizens is an important consideration in the decision to enter the nursing home market in this city. The number of persons each nursing home usually takes is in the range of 80 to 85% of its carrying capacity (Pandya, 2001). One must not forget that â€Å"the demand for nursing home care [is] driven by the availability of financing† (Willging, 2003). Also notable is that approximately 36% of seniors have been financing nursing-home care out of pocket (2001). In carrying out a service area competitor analysis upon this city, it is necessary to take a look at such aspects as its financial and economic situation, the demographics, and the trends that might derive from them. It will also be necessary to assess the strategies being pursued by the nursing homes that service the area and the consumer reaction to these policies. According to the analysis of the Culver City finance budget, the city began a period of economic growth in the late 1990’s where the property taxes began reflecting an increase in the value of real estate and overall taxes represented a general increase in per capita income. Over the period the city was able to sustain both low inflation and unemployment rates. Investment grew almost three fold, according to the Dow Jones Industrial, S P 500, and the Nasdaq composite charts (City of Culver City, 485-86). However, economic growth has plateauxed since 2001, and the employment rate that had fallen from 9 to 3. 9 percent, has risen up to approximately six percent (485). Across the United States, the health care industry has had to cope with economic changes resulting from rising medical costs. The Culver City population sustained a growth of 47% between the years 1990 and 2000 (â€Å"City Population,† p. 2). The records of the Culver City Redevelopment Agency reveal that the population of the city is 39,119. On average, there are about 16,826 households represented in the area, and the income for the average household is about $76,013 per annum. The income for the average family household amounts to $90,930. The Culver City trade area extends beyond this. If the area considered extends to a three mile radius beyond the hub of the city, the population increases 305,287 and boasts an average family income of $79,689. Within a five mile radius live about 852,147 people, and the inclusion of this population brings the average household income back up to $87,820. The median age of Culver City is 40, and 84% of all the adults of this city have attained at least a high school education. Thirty five percent of these adults have also attained at least a bachelor’s degree in higher education. The population is distributed mainly among persons of Caucasian, Hispanic, African American and Asian origins. Forty-six percent of the inhabitants are white, 25% are Hispanic, 12% are Asian and another 12% are African American. The remaining 5% are of unknown or â€Å"other† origin (â€Å"Demographics†). In Culver City is a rather prosperous community. Only 2. 96% of the population earns less than $20,000 per year. Those who live on an amount between $20,000 and $50,000 amount to 13. 46% and another 22. 37% live within the next tier level, between $50,000 and $75,000. Seventeen percent live on $75,001 to $100,000, and a third of all the people live on an income higher than $100,000. Approximately 16% of the Culver City residents are over sixty years old (â€Å"Demographics†). For strategic management purposes it is dangerous to consider the over-65 group as a homogeneous one (Willging, 2003). Shifts in demographic and increases in lifespan have changed the make-up and the desires of the aging population (Ginter, et al. 2006, p. 6). The senior citizens and retiree demographic in Culver City has been divided into three groups for the sake of consumer analysis. The retirement group has a median income of approximately $53,000 which is about $11,000 higher than the national average. Non-whites are represent about 43% of this group and approximately 35% of this group has attained a bachelor’s (or higher) degree. This group is likely on average to spend a mid-to-high amount on entertainment, but spends a bit lower on average on health care, presumably because not all retirees are senior citizens (Artsmarket, 2002, p. 12-13). The active senior singles group has a median income of $32,000, which is also higher than the national median. They participate in many health activities and have a medium-to-high likelihood of spending money on health. The portion of none whites in this group is approximately 22%, and 25. 7% percent of the members of the active senior singles group have attained college degrees (Artsmarket, 2002, p. 14-15). The prosperous older couples group has a median income of approximately $67,500, which is an astounding $32,000 higher than the national median. Thirty percent of these have attained bachelor’s degrees (or higher) and people of color make up 29 % of the group. Their likelihood of spending on health care is in the high range (Artsmarket, 2002, p. 16-17). The city’s economic situation presents costs and benefits to any prospective nursing-home business venture. The fixed costs of entering the market would be considerable, but the increased unemployment rate (up from 3. 9 percent) would make the price of labor a little more affordable than in recent years. A favorable thing for businesses is the tax rebate program that has been instituted by the city to encourage new business. This grants them tax relief from either business or utility users’ tax (â€Å"City of Culver City, 489). A new entrant into the nursing home industry in Culver City must consider the quality of care that is to be provided by that business entity. The general problems with funding being experienced by nursing homes across the country has led not just to many law suits and eventual bankruptcy, but to the loss of customers to competitors (Day, 2005). Culver City customers also require not just a variety but quality of service. Variety will be an asset; however, as there is great intensity of rivalry among existing organizations, and the nursing home industry is experiencing rapid growth driven by the demographic and social trends mentioned above. It must be noted, for example, that a good portion of the seniors are educated, and â€Å"educated seniors tend to be more knowledgeable and have higher expectations of a facility† (Willging, 2003). The significant portion of non-whites must also be considered and real attempts made to cater and appeal to them. In addition, it must be noted that a vast majority of these seniors have lived active lives; therefore, facilities which cater to this would be magnetic to their tastes. The competitors in the Culver City nursing home industry, though they provide adequate care and the necessary facilities, can be categorized into four groups that denote they quality of service they offer as well as the level of reimbursement that they require for those services. For this service area nursing home facilities are pursuing four basic strategies: high price with highly specialized services (strategic group 1), low price with few ancillary services (strategic group 2), medium price with some services, (strategic group 3), and high price with many services (strategic group 4). Customers who seek the attributes of one strategic group, such as highly specialized rehabilitation services, are unlikely to be attracted to another strategic group. A good idea for a newcomer in the nursing home market is to choose the group to which it is best able to cater, and possibly to diversify the scope of the service by offering one or two (not many) extra services. Then, concentrate on providing the best service possible in that group. Diversity does exist in the consumer groups, but this information must be acted upon with care. Early retirees, for example, who might need nursing home care, may not yet qualify for state or federal assisted care (Clinton, 1993). Medicare and Medicaid provide full coverage to only about 9% of seniors, and many are forced to pay out of pocket (Day, 2005). The figures have shown that many Culver City seniors can afford this, but paying out of pocket means that the consumers will be even more unlikely to accept less than the best care. This look at the nursing home industry as it exists in Culver City has revealed that, though a â€Å"buyers’ market† exists and the competition is very high, a newcomer in the market might still have a chance to win a significant market share. This must be done by paying attention to the demographic as well as the economic situations that have the power to affect the market. The psychographic and demographic aspects show that a diversity of services must be offered and that any newcomer desiring be successful in such a competitive and demanding market must be willing to (carefully) diversify. References ArtsMarket. (2002). City of Culver City: Acorn Cluster Lifestyles and Local Profiles. Bozeman: Author. www. artmarket. com City of Culver City. (2004). â€Å"Fiscal 2004-05 Adopted City Budget. † Budget and Finance. Author. http://www. culvercity. org/citygov/budgetfinance/depts_budgfinanc. html â€Å"City Population. † (2001). Redistricting Committee. Oregon State Legislature. http://www. leg. state. or. us/comm/redistricting/citypop. pdf Clinton, Bill. (1993). Remarks and a question-and-answer session with the AARP on health care in Culver City, California. Weekly compilation of presidential documents. News and Society. http://www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m2889/is_n40_v29/ai_14550594 Day, Thomas. (2005). â€Å"About Nursing Homes. † Guide to long term care planning. National Care Planning Council. http://www. longtermcarelink. net/about_nursing_homes. html â€Å"Demographics. † City of Culver City. http://www. culvercity. org Ginter, P. M. , Swayne, L. E. and Duncan, W. J. (2006). Strategic management of health care organizations. 4th ed. Malden: Blackwell. Pandya, Sheel. â€Å"Nursing Homes. † Policy and research for professionals in aging. AARP. http://www. aarp. org/research/longtermcare/nursinghomes/aresearch-import-669- FS10R. html Redevelopment Agency of Culver City. â€Å"Community Profile. † City of Culver City. Culver City: Government. http://www. culvercity. org/citygov/redevelop/demogr. html Willging, Paul. R. (2003). â€Å"Don’t let demographics fool you. † Nursing Homes. Aug. 2003. http://www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3830/is_8_52/ai_108198554

Of Readers and Racial Narratives Essay Example for Free

Of Readers and Racial Narratives Essay Morrison explores the themes of fate and free will in a number of ways in the short story â€Å"Recitatif. † Regarding free will and the constant confusion over Maggie’s racial identity, Morrison is making the provocative point that a truly color blind society would still have acts of cruelty and their agents, who will never be able to really understand their own motivations. Through the picketing scene, she also explores another dark aspect of free will: that mistaken assumptions about racism and racist actions can, effectively, poor more fuel over the fire. See more: how to start a narrative essay The confusion over Maggie’s race also extends to the main characters, and the difficulty in discerning any definite racial identity on their part is Morrison’s clever way of drawing readers into the debate: after all, the arbitrary assignment of a certain identity to the two girls represents the reader trying to place a racial narrative on actions that do not inherently possess them. In doing so, the reader takes part in sowing confusion over race relations, and can more intimately understand how two life-long friends can end up on opposite sides of an ideological boycott because of the mistakes of the past. Morrison’s main inclusion of exploring fate is in the similar origins of the girls—she explores two lives that started out similar and yet ended up quite different, and invites the reader to determine what part (if any) race had to do with this. Discussion question: in forcing readers to overlay their own racial narrative over essentially color-neutral events, is Morrison the provocateur illustrating the inevitability of racism? And if so, what role should color-conscious modern students of race relations play in moving towards an integrated future?

The effect of Levis online community

The effect of Levis online community Methodology This section of the dissertation will focus on the area of the research design, the methodology conducted and it will also relate to the sample used, methods choice and the methodology criticism. The research which focuses on an online Levis community will use qualitative work to examine how Levis brand personalities influence young Chinese consumers, how this online Levis community affects people who communicated with each other and may strengthen their brand loyalty. Research Design For this dissertation, there are increasingly young Chinese consumers wearing Levis jeans on whom I might conduct and exploratory study to generate possible explanations. Because this research is an exploratory research, the major emphasis is on the discovery of the ideas and insights of consumers. Churchill and Iacobucci (2005: p77) described the purposes of exploratory research and suggested it should include, â€Å"formulating a problem for more precise investigation or for developing hypotheses and gating information about the practical problems of carrying out relevant research.† It is widely acknowledged that while quantitative approach emphasize on theory testing which means using existing theory tested and measured a specific research context (Carson et al. 2001); in long-standing tradition, qualitative research are considered to be exploratory in nature because studies are characterized by flexibility with respect to the research used (Churchill and Iacobucci, 2005). Gordon and Langmaid (1988) demonstrated the differences between qualitative research and quantitative research. Qualitative research concerned with understanding things rather than with measuring them using quantitative research; and â€Å"qualitative research emphasis is on in-depth understanding of how, why and in what context certain phenomena occur; and what impacts upon or influences such phenomena†¦.conversely, quantitative research is more relevant where the research emphasis is on comparison.† (Carson et al. 2001: p66) According to the differences, by using a qualitative a pproach, more in-depth study in the research process could provide information and insights with much more detailed and thorough level than quantitative analysis approach (Weischedel et al. 2005). For this dissertation, the intention of the research is to seek human views at the root of empirical experience on Levis jeans. So the qualitative research approach is more suitable for this dissertation. Because qualitative research approach focus on things really happen as researchers and people experience them. Besides, some characteristics of qualitative research were mentioned by Gordon and Langmaid (1988) which includes small samples of consumers which may not represent large populations; a wide different of techniques to collect data, not just a structured â€Å"question-and-answer† format; and access to the ways in which consumers express themselves. For this dissertation, the samples will be chosen from the online Levis community and a semi-structured interview questionnaire will be conducted during the research. Meanwhile, qualitative research is often carried out to examine consumers attitudes and behaviour in relation with a product category, usually with the specific aim of understanding consumers relationships with a specific brand (Proctor 2005, Gordon and Langmaid 1988). Kozinets (2002) also believed qualitative methods are mostly useful for illustrating the rich symbolic world that cause peoples needs, desires, meanings, and choices. Due to the research objectives of th is dissertation are exploring the attitudes of Chinese consumers who like to wear Levis jeans and show loyalty to this brand as well as perspectives towards one Levis online community, While quantitative research might be used to find differences between Levis normal consumers and Levis fans, qualitative research could be used to examine the attitudes, feeling and motivations of the Levis fans. Although, qualitative research has some limitations and disadvantages, such as small sample size (Gordon and Langmaid, 1988) and free-flowing discussion can result qualitative research projects with many different thought (McDaniel and Gates 2006). There are still some main advantages for qualitative research: first, it is usually much cheaper than quantitative research; second, there is no better way to understand the in-depth motivations and feelings of consumers (Proctor, 2005). According to these main advantages, the qualitative research will be developed during the research process. Secondary Data It is very important to understand market and brand background before doing research. So secondary data plays a crucial role in understanding this such as the market assessment of Levis in China as well as supports the research analysis. There are two types of secondary data. The first one is called internal database which means the company itself (Levis Company) and the second one is called external database which means other organizations or persons (McDaniel and Gates, 2006). In the dissertation, secondary data such as Levis annual report and GMID will be used to study the situation of Levis in China. Because Levis Company has a significant business performance in the world, some public media such as website, newspaper even textbook will be consulted to gain contextual information on this brand. The second data information we are looking for in this topic will also be conducted in the dissertation to strengthen the reality and accuracy of the market orientation. Sampling Sampling means using information which was obtained from a subset (a sample) to estimate about various characteristics of the total population (McDaniel and Gates, 2006). This research aims to seek the reason of young Chinese people like to wearing Levis jeans; therefore non-probability is appropriate to represent this purpose in small sample units. Because the respondence in non-probability samples is more rational representative if collected in a careful process. (McDaniel and Gates, 2006; Proctor, 2005) But the main problem of non-probability is the accuracy and the range of sample units (Forrest, 2003). Meanwhile, the results of using non-probability samples may not be projected to the total population (Proctor, 2005). Meanwhile the samples of this dissertation will be chosen from an online Levis community. McDaniel and Gates (2006) demonstrated the advantages of the Internet Sampling which included â€Å"target respondents can complete the survey at their convenience; the interview can be administered under software control; data collection is inexpensive.† (p315) However Chen and Hinton (1999) argued, online interviewing may include some sampling biases that should be thought by researchers considering the method; research methods are limited in their ability to survey members of the researchers target population because the motivation of potential interviewees to agree to being studied using the proposed method; and the ability of the method to include selected interviewees. In this project, interviewees will be obtained from their different levels in the online Levis community. The â€Å"level† in this Levis online community means the favorite level they like Levis jeans through t heir contributions such as Levis jeans photos they uploaded in this online community; Levis products introduction they wrote in this community, their own feelings about Levis products shared in this online community. The higher level they obtained means the more experience they had on Levis. The reason for choosing different level people is trying to investigate different voices and feedbacks as well as support the research objective to give further suggestions. In-depth Online Interview Qualitative researchers who use interviews as data collection tools believe that they can, â€Å"investigate elements of the social by asking people to talk and to gather or construct knowledge by listening to and interpreting what they say and to how they say it† (Mason, 2002: 225). For this project, by using interview method, it could examine interviewees feeling about Levis brand. Several researchers have found the usefulness of the internet to design and conduct qualitative research projects and online data collection methods are increasingly used (Gruber et. al. 2008). In this dissertation, I will focus on an online Levis Community and the netnography method which is used will be text-based online individual depth interviews with open ended questions. Interviewing is an important qualitative approach, because it is a highly personal process which means creating through personal communication. In-depth interviewing is defined by Neuman (1994: p246) as a social relationship a short-term, secondary social interaction between two strangers with the explicit purpose of one person obtaining specific information from the other. The use of in-depth interviews was seen as a suitable methodology which could obtain rich data through a detailed and open discussion with consumers and decision makers (OConnor and Madge, 2004). In many fields, online in-depth interview and face-to-face in-depth interview are similar processes for the researcher and both can be considered â€Å"†¦ conversations with a purpose† (Burgess, 1984: p102). However, there are still some differences between online interview and face-to-face interview. OConnor and Madge (2003) stated, comparing with face-to-face interview which would be impractical, costly and time consuming; online interview is conducted on the Internet, so that it has lower cost and is a convenient way to carry out. For this dissertation, because all the interviewees are young Chinese people, they are familiar with online environment; they are good at using chatting software such as MSN Messenger and QQ. Meanwhile, online interview method could avoid geographical problems. Gruber et al. (2008: p257) also mentioned, â€Å"Online interviews are cheaper to conduct than traditional interviews as there are no travel, venue renting and accommodation expenses. Researchers do not have to tape and transcribe online interviews as the online chat programmes that are used to conduct interviews automatically generate interview transcripts, which allow a quicker analysis of data; further, the whole interviewing process may be less stressful and more convenient for respondents as they can be interviewed at home or at work in a familiar and non-threatening environment.† Another advantage by conducting online interview for this project is the interviewees are the members of Levis online community. Qualitative on-line research, such as on-line in-depth interview, is particularly useful when the target population is small, very specialized in its skills, and difficult to find and recruit (Miller Dickson, 2001). On the other side, online interview also exist in some limitations and disadvantages. OConnor and Madge (2002) argued, although online interview could obtain rich and valuable to the researchers, there are many problems of online research so that online research should not be exaggerated and researchers should be aware of these problems. Firstly, Chen and Hinton (1999) concerned about limited samples and limited data during the online research process. They believed this sample limited problems could lead to non-specialized interviewing, such as the general assessment of a group which did not be defined because their access to the Internet. For this dissertation, the sample will be chosen in one online Levis community and the interviewees are members of this community. The second disadvantage is that online interview may receive less attention of interviewees and may not make interviewers to create rapport which is important to create a relationship with interviewees who are then wil ling to share information. (Chen and Hinton 1999; Gruber et al. 2008; OConnor and Madge 2003). The online interview is difference between face-to-face interview because online interview happened when both interviewer and interviewee fact to computer screen. â€Å"It may be that distractions result in respondents not being fully engaged with the interview whilst dealing with interruptions of which the interviewer may not be aware. In the face-to-face setting the interviewer can respond immediately to external factors, perhaps by suspending the interview, whereas the virtual interviewer, unable to see what is happening, may carry on regardless, not aware that s/he does not have the full attention of the respondent † (OConnor and Madge, 2003: p137) Gruber et al. (2008) demonstrated, during the online interview, because both of interviewer and interviewee face to computer screen, they cannot receive each others respondence such as body language, head nodding and facial expression s, as a result, researchers developing online interviewers can not able to observe if interviewees are losing interest in the chat or if they are annoyed or unclear about a particular question. As a result, there is no rapport was created. For this project, because the MSN messenger softer ware will be used as interview tool, this problem will also happen during this online interview process. Summary By summary, this research will focus on solely qualitative methodology. Secondary data will be used for an early stage of understood of the background of Levis in China. Online in-depth interview will be conducted in the exploration the reason of different consumers in one online Levis community like wearing Levis jeans. The limitations and disadvantages of online interview and sampling were also discussed in this chapter.

The Film Camila :: movie films movies

Camila Camila is an Argentinean film set in the mid 19th century, during the Rosas regime. The film focuses on the lives of a young girl, Camila, and her Jesuit priest Ladislao Gutierrez. Camila and Ladisalo fall in love and the film follows their troubles. Through following the events that happen with Camila and Ladisalo, the director shows how restrictive and devout followers of Rosas were and of the resentment against him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The unjust ways of the Rosas regime were illustrated passively. Instead of having Rosas a central character issuing orders to be carried out, Rosas was instead placed in the background of the film. You would see Rosas through the actions of the church, military, and of the common people. His picture adorned the towns, everyone was to wear a red ribbon symbolizing their loyalty to Rosas. His supporters spoke of him proudly while those against him had to hide in silence. To illustrate the inherent problems of the Rosas era, the director chose to show the injustices through the ordeals of Camila and Ladislao.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, in everyday life, Rosas demanded public showings of loyalty. Every citizen had to wear a bright red ribbon symbolizing their faith in their leader. Slaves, commoners, and even priests had to wear this ribbon. Through the execution of the bookseller, the tyranny of the Rosas regime is clear. He will tolerate to questions to his authority or allow anyone with a dissenting opinion to speak without fear of retribution. At the end of the film when the two young lovers are captured, Rosas rears his head again. Wishing to set an example to inspire terror into the masses, he doesn't hold Camilas execution even with the knowledge that she is pregnant. To further illustrate this point, the film makes it appear that Rosas is operating directly in contrast with the blessings of god.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While never specific in

Zeus And Odin :: essays research papers

Zeus and Odin Zeus is the ruler of the Greek gods. He is the son of Cronos and Rhea, in fact the only son of these two to survive to adulthood. Zeus had been hidden by Rhea so that Cronos would not swallow him like he had all of his other offspring; he had been warned that one of his children would eventually overthrow him. Rhea sent Zeus to the island of Crete where he was raised. Zeus eventually killed his father. After he killed Cronos, he restored life to his brothers and sisters. He then drew lots with his brothers Poseidon and Hades to see who would become ruler of the various parts of the universe. Zeus won the draw and became the supreme ruler of the gods. He is lord of the sky, the rain god. His weapon is a thunderbolt, made for him by the Cyclopes under the direction of Hephaestus, which he hurls at those who displease him. He married a succession of spouses with whom he had many children including: Athena, The Fates, Ares, Apollo, Artemis, and Hermes. His last, and most well-known wife is Hera but he is famous for his many affairs. Odin is the leader of the Norse gods and has a myriad of names including Allfather, Ygg, Bolverk (evil doer), and Grimnir. He also has many functions within the myths including being a god of war, poetry, wisdom, and death. However, he is not considered the "main" god of each of these functions. Odin's symbol is his magical spear named Grungir which never misses its mark. He also owns a magic ring called Draupnir which can create nine of itself every night. It was this ring that Odin laid on his son Balder's funeral pyre and which Balder returned to Odin from the underworld. Odin also has two wolves, Geri and Freki, and two ravens, Hugin (thought) and Munin (memory). He sends his ravens out every day to gather knowledge for him. Odin was destined to die at Ragnarok; Fenris-Wolf swallowed him. Knowing his fate, he still chose to embrace it and do battle, showing the true warrior ethic. He is the god of warriors and kings, not the common man. Among his children are:Thor, Hermod, and Balder. He is married to Frigg, the goddess of marriage. The first obvious similarity between Zeus and Odin is in their appearance. Both are very large men, but they are not depicted as fat men. Both look very powerful and foreboding. They also are both shown as having beards. A beard represents manliness, in a very basic way as facial hair

The Warning of Fahrenheit 451 :: Fahrenheit 451 Essays

The Warning of Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 is a novel about a materialistic society that has forgotten social interaction with each other. This materialistic society is where Bradbury believed society today is headed<THE TENSES HERE ARE A LITTLE CONFUSING.>. The materialistic society in Fahrenheit 451 created through Bradbury's cynic views of society<THIS IS A FRAGMENT SENTANCE.> His views of society are over-exaggerated in contrast with today's events, especially in the areas of censorship and media mediocrity. The purpose of media is quite SIMPLY, "a warning signal--information--that alerts the citizens that something is wrong which needs attention and resolution. An aware and informed populace could then influence its leaders to act upon that information in an effort to solve that problem" (Jensen, Project Censored). But Media has often been criticized for promoting a mass mediocrity, because it only tells the public what it wants to hear. The idea of Media promoting mass mediocrity is a reoccurring image in Fahrenheit 451. Such is not the case in today's society. One of the most successful freedom fighting campaign has been the Tibetan Freedom Concert, a rock concert where artists and citizens converge, sharing their views for Tibetan freedom from Chinese oppression. Over the three years of its existence, the concert has generated so much publicity that it has forced President Bill Clinton to step in and try to hasten the negotiation between the Chinese government and the Dal ai Lama. In a Sonicnet Music News article, the Dalai Lama said, "'Through this live show, many, many Chinese will have gained a better awareness of President Clinton's feelings about Tibet, and also President Jiang's feelings, and I think that can be enormously helpful in the long run.'" (Media Inclusion 1) The Dalai Lama expresses the importance of publicity that has first been generated by the Tibetan Freedom Concert. Not only did it create awareness for the Chinese as the Dalai Lama suggested; it also created awareness around the world, especially in North America. Ask any North American teenager,"What they feel towards the idea of Tibetan oppression from the Chinese?", just ask him "Where Tibet is?" three years ago and he would probably look confused and answer by asking "Would you like fries with that?".<THIS MADE VERY LITTLE SENSE.> Ask that same teenager now, and he would likely give an educated response. The Tibetan Freedom Concert is just an example of how powerful modern media is if it can be used properly.

Benefit Programs in the Major Airline Industry

The Human Resource topic that we selected is to analyze the benefit programs of four major airlines. Benefits are important to employees as well as their families, and can be a powerful recruiting tool. Benefits also play a major role in managerial decisions and wise benefit choices can have a long-term impact on the quality of life. Some characteristics of a sound benefits program are, they must have clear specific objectives, they must allow for employee input, they must be responsive to societal and environmental change, provide for flexibility, and there must be clear communication with employees. One of the main challenges that companies face are the overall costs of these benefit programs to the companies themselves, as well as staying competitive in hopes to attract high quality employees. Almost 40% or $14,678 per employee is spent on benefit programs per year. American Airlines like many other airlines are facing many challenges in the HR area of benefits and incentives. American Airlines as we all know is one of the leading airlines in today†s airline industry. This status reflects upon Americans benefit program. American Airlines realizes that it must stay competitive in this area to ensure that they get the most qualified employees. American Airlines offers many benefits and incentives for their employees with hopes to attract the best. Many of the benefits are standard and required by law such as social security, unemployment, workers compensation, and leaves without pay. What really must be paid attention too are the benefits and incentives that are offered in addition to the ones required by law. These benefits and incentives are what attract individuals to work for American rather than another airline. Benefits such as a 401 K – Super Saver, which allows up to an ample 20% tax provision, a stock purchase plan, a credit union which could help one to buy a house, and personal emergency coupled with sick pay, just to name a few. American Airlines also recognizes ten major holidays for which employees do not have to work, yet they still get paid. Most of these are benefits that competing airlines offer, but one benefit stands out. American Airlines pass travel program is a benefit that many do not tend to overlook. American does not offer free stand-by tickets to its employees until they have been with the airline for 10 years. What they do offer are special discounted rates. This is the major weakness in their strategy to attract employees with benefits. American offers a very long list of benefits and incentives but this is one that is left out. I believe that American Airlines is making a big mistake by not allowing employees to fly for free. To become more effective American Airlines should add this benefit to its list so that it can be competitive with the other airlines. American has many strengths which include benefits that the other airlines do not offer such as a 401 K plans of up to 20%, and a credit union. Although at the same time it has a very large weakness, which is their travel plan that only offers its employees discounted rates, instead of free airfare. American Airlines must feel that it does not have to offer this benefit to attract potential workers, because it has so many other benefits to offer. Continental Airlines prides itself on offering a wide variety of benefits to their employees. The eligibility for these benefits varies according to the length of time an employee has worked for the company, and the position that they hold. One challenge that Continental Airlines face is the cost of providing these benefits to their employees. They have to make sure that they are financially able to provide these benefit programs, while still attracting high quality employees to their company. Some of these benefits include travel passes, profit sharing, stock purchase plans, retirement plans, 401(k) savings plan, vacation and sick pay, an expense reimbursement plan, medical and dental insurance, vision insurance, life insurance, and accident insurance. Although Continental employees and their families are able to travel at reduced rates; they are not able to fly completely for free, which may be considered unfavorable by some employees. Continental employees are also able to share in the financial growth of the company by purchasing Continental stock at a discounted rate. Continental also provides a fully funded retirement plan, which employees vest in after five years of service. It also provides the 401(k) savings plan, which is a great way for employees to save for retirement. The employees can save up to 19% of their salary before taxes are withheld. Continental also matches a portion of their employees† contributions to the 401(k) savings plan. Full and part time employees of Continental are able to take advantage of paid vacations, as well as the sick leave policy which gives employees time off from work, with pay, when they are ill or unable to work. Continental also provides immediate accident insurance upon employment for all of their employees. Continental does provide many benefits upon the initial employment of their employees; however, some benefit plans are not available until seven months after they have been employed. These include medical and dental insurance, vision insurance, long-term disability plan, and life insurance. Most of the plans are pre-tax, which allows employee tax savings. For every employee, there is a benefits program that best suits him or her. Younger employees who do not have the responsibility of families may not be looking for the same benefits as an older employee with a family. Continental needs to realize these differences in employees, in order to provide a benefit program that will attract the high quality employees they are looking for. Southwest Airlines is currently the fastest growing airline in the business. Over the past 10 years Southwest have grown its revenues by 388% and its net income by 1,490%. Some of the things that have helped Southwest to grow so quickly are their personnel. They have found ways to hire employees that have out-performed every major airline for the past three years. Their hiring tactics can be accredited to a healthy business network, in-depth research, a good job database, strong recruiting staff, and an outstanding benefits program. Southwest offers its employees a very competitive benefits program. Their program offers passes and travel privileges, medical insurance, dental insurance, life insurance, long term disability insurance, sick leave, vacation and holiday pay, profit-sharing, 401 (k) plan, stock purchase plan, and a employee assistance plan. One of the special benefits to working at Southwest is flying for free on Southwest and flying free or at a reduced rate on other carriers with whom Southwest has a pass agreement. Effective from the first day of employment, all employees, their spouses, dependant children, and parents of employees all have unlimited travel privileges on Southwest. An employee may view this as a huge benefit when they decide they would like to travel. On the downside of this part of the benefit program, Southwest does not fly everywhere in the United States, and that may pose a problem for an employee that would like to travel somewhere that Southwest does not offer service. Another benefit is Southwest†s medical, dental, and life insurance plans. Employees may choose to incorporate their families with their medical and dental plans in order to save the employee money. The medical and dental plans will cover 100% of the employee†s medical and dental needs, as well as their families needs, with minimal cost to the employee. For the life insurance plan, employees may choose coverage up to 4 times their base annual income in order to protect their family. The long-term disability program is set up in case an employee becomes disabled and can no longer work. Funds are still paid to the family in order to compensate for the employee†s inability to work due to disability. Depending on employment classifications, employees are able to gather time off for personal illness and vacations. Employees celebrate several paid holidays throughout the calendar year, based on their employment classification. Southwest offers its employees a 401-(k) plan. The plan is designed to help employee†s plan for their retirement. Eligible employees may contribute up to 15% of their pay to the plan on a pre-tax basis. Employees direct their investments and may borrow against their account balance. Employees are the basic fiber of Southwest Airlines, so they feel that employees should be able to share in the success of the company by investing in Southwest Airlines Co. tock through payroll reductions. Employees pay only 90% of the market value for the stock, and broker commissions are paid for by Southwest. Southwest cares very much for their employees well being. They offer their employees an assistance plan that helps when employees need it most. The plan provides professional assistance for employees and their families in order to solve personal problems that may arise that would cause their personal lives and job performance to suffer. Southwest Airlines realizes that without its employees the company would cease to work. Southwest offers these benefits to help keep their employees happy and provided for and in return their employees strive to keep Southwest on top. United Airlines is a true global airline that has over 140 stations in more than 30 countries around the world. United prides itself on being a company where opportunity and advancement are determined solely on merit and individual achievement. United supposedly values diversity not only because it is the correct thing to do, but because it is the right business thing to do. United†s stated position is that all employees should be treated with respect and dignity. The policy not only extends to employees, but to United†s customers, vendors, and independent contractors as well. Some of the benefits that United offers to its employees are; company-paid medical, dental, life and long-term disability insurance, pension plan, paid vacations, travel passes, stock purchase plan, 401(k) plan, and credit union. Going against the company†s policy, United Airlines has been in litigation with the city of San Francisco concerning the â€Å"Equal Benefits Law†. Last year United Airlines supposedly negotiated a two-year exemption from the law in order to renew a 25-year lease with the San Francisco Airport. After opposing letters from the National Writers Union (NWU) United Airlines has joined with Air Transportation Association (ATA) in a lawsuit against the city of San Francisco challenging the ordinance. United claimed they never made an agreement with San Francisco and has not yet made a commitment to providing domestic partner benefits. The ordinance states that any entity that contracts with the city of San Francisco must provide equal benefits to its employees† registered domestic partners that it provides to married spouses. Out of its 94,000 hired employees, United currently has approximately 10,000 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender employees. We believe that United is not very committed to diversity. It is obvious to see that United is trying to limit their benefit packages to those individuals that are not registered domestic partners. Some states still do not recognize domestic partners as legal binding marriages, and as a result, these individuals cannot receive equal benefits. United†s problem is that almost 11% of its total workforce is comprised of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, or transgenders. If United is committed to having diverse employees they should also be diverse in their benefit coverage. United should recognize that they have a diverse background and these select individuals need to be given equal benefits regardless of the added costs. The text mentions that part of providing a sound benefit package is allowing employees to given input into the benefit system. Having employees participate in designing benefits programs would help ensure that management is moving in the direction of satisfying employee wants. To meet the many changes occurring in society, management must reflect these changes in the employee benefits programs. The fact is that benefit plans sometimes provide little advantage to employees. Even though United might be trying to save money, their treatment towards domestic partners are limiting the organization†s ability to attract and retain quality employees. Some of the most effective policies and strategies for dealing with benefit programs are encompassed within each of the four airlines benefit programs offered. There are several benefits that are required by law, which include Social Security, Unemployment, Workers Compensation, and Leaves without Pay. Overall, American Airlines seemed to offer the most versatile benefits program. Although other programs offered similar benefits, we found that American Airlines offered the most conservative program. For example, United Airlines, and Southwest Airlines both offer free flights to all employees as well as their families, which may be more appealing to a young employee without a family. On the downside, we discovered that Southwest Airlines has a limited flight area, which minimizes their costs when employees take advantage of these programs, and allows them to offer these strategic benefits. We feel that American and Continental Airlines are overlooking an important strategic hiring strategy, by not offering free flights to all their employees, since cost of flights are fixed. For example, a flight that is only at 85% capacity will fly for the same price as a flight that is at 100% capacity. Continental Airlines, has a competitive benefits program as well, but it lacks the flight area which both United and American Airlines offer. We felt that American and United Airlines offered the best benefit programs, although American does not offer free flights from day one of employment, they offer many other compelling incentives such as, personal emergency assistance, vacation buying programs, credit union assistance, as well as flight discounts for their employees.

Mcsa Networking Basics Essay

sub anatomical structureWhat is a interlock?A earnings chamberpot be defined as two or to a great extent calculators which ar linked unitedly to sh are resources. These resources fire accommodate net profit vex, patsying machines, packet outline product and files. The heart of a net is c alwaysy last(predicate) in bothed the waiter, and its function is to stomach wholly the package product package and services which the vane and its utilisers depend on.Figure 1 standard of a basic electronic netThe inn economiseer is operated by personnel department called Network or System Administrators, and its their responsibility to go each property the smooth discharge of the meshwork so it is running(a) as efficaciously as possible. This is achieved by the physical exercise of a employ operating system called Windows Server 2003 this gives the net profit executive director collar oblige everywhere the intercommunicate functions.Advantages for a web termsBeca commit entanglemented reckoners asshole share the same resources, be disregard be dramatically reduced. For example, if in that respect are ten computing devices in a room severally wanting entranceway to a printer it is far cheaper to route all ten computers to a mavin, shared printer than it is to barter for ten printers one for apiece computer. In this example, the saving would overly include the cost of ink cartridges (you would exactly motivating to purchase one act of cartridges kinda of ten).Software female genitals be purchased and installed in a similar cost potent way. Most popular software is adequate to be bought and installed on a host, and whatsoeverone who requires to use it get out nevertheless need to purchase a license (the legal rights to use it, usually in the form of a certificate). These licenses are far cheaper than buying the software for each user. This method also operator that it isnt necessary for an I.T Techn ician to install the software on every computer only one install on the innkeeper is needed. an otherwise(prenominal) benefit to this approach is when the software requires an modify. If it is waiter based, only the software on the server would need to be updated. entirely the users would benefit from the update as before long as it has been installed. If each user had a copy on their computer, I.T Technicians would need to update each one. This could effect time consuming, dear(predicate) and complicated. The software that this could rehearse to, includes most Microsoft software and Anti-virus software.SecuritySecurity is a brisk element in any business. In a web, shelter is enhanced some(prenominal) internally (security inwardly the net) and externally. Users are given a username and passagewayword to opening their files and all the programs, hardware and so onthat they make water been given access to. When a user saves a file, it is salvage to the server and n ot the computer that he/she is work on. If that user wants to retrieve that file, it bed be done on any computer on the profits, and not rightful(prenominal) on the computer that was originally used. This selective information plunder be accessed, monitored and rear ended up by the Network Administrator at any time.Each department after part feature their own identity on the server, which al first-class honours degrees them to dedicate access to files, applications and resources which would be relevant to their requirements. For example, the Accounts department whitethorn need to vex access to invoicing software (e.g. Sage and Excel), whereas sales whitethorn only require software to monitor and forecast sales over a period of time (e.g. Excel). Accounts may not want other departments accessing their software due to security or confidentiality reasons. meshing security is tighter for two users accessing the internet, and external threats when a network is set up. solel y the computers green goddess share a single access point to the internet, which makes it easier to monitor internet usage, protagonist reduce hacking and other external threats exhausting to access selective information on the network.Another feature which female genital organ be utilise by the system administrator is Encryption. entropy inwardly a f of age(p)/subfolder kindle be encrypted to pr government issue unauthorized access to info if other security measures have been breached. Typically, only system administrators get out be given the retrieval key to be fitted to decrypt info enclose of system failure or other unforeseen daubs.Disadvantages for a network costly to installThe initial cost of telescope up a network contribute be high-ticket(prenominal), with hardware like the server, router, cabling, living equipment, network printers and server software. Also, dedicated personnel moldiness be hired to keep the server running efficiently and to answer an y server/network issues. concentrate DataHaving all of the info in one place means that data could be lost in the event of a system failure. Regular backups of the server are highly recommended (daily, hebdomadally and monthly) to serve well to keep data safe. except if the server goes down in between backups because all the recent data pass on be lost.Reduced PerformanceThe servers surgical procedure scum bag become reduced as the network expands or as its work load increases through the working sidereal day. A server must have as a good deal reminiscence and bear upon power as possible to armed service minimise the reduction in performance. lying-in 2aNetwork topo representic anatomy is the description of how a network is laid out, the devices (server, routers, printers etc) link up to it and the counselling which data flows. A network can be described as each Logical Topo logy (the way data flows in a network) or as a Physical Topology (how a network is physical ly laid out) in that respect are six important topologies, Bus, Ring, Star, leng pasted Star, Hierarchical, and affiance.Bus TopologyThis can be both a Physical and Logical, in a local area network (LAN), each device is committed by a single pipeline. This single line is also referred to as the backbone of the network. A terminator must be on either side of the cable to save the data signal from bouncing back down it. The Bus Topology was widely used in early networks exploitation standard Co-ax cables. It was an economical declaration for networking as only one main cable was needed. The impairment to this was if this cable failed, the whole network would go down.Ring TopologyIn a Ring Topology (also cognize as IBM Ring Token), each computer ( lymph node) is connected to each other in a closed loop. Each computer has its own unique identity on the network. When data is enchantted from one node to the other, the data give include the end points identity and pass on pa ss through each node until it reaches the destination. This image of topology has two main disadvantages only one computer can transmit data on the network at a time and if a computer fails the whole network will go down.thither is a slight transition to this the Duel Ring TopologyThe assist ring within the network provides a backup confederacy, so if there is a failure within the network, the secondary connection will keep the network connected. This is expensive as more cabling is required.Star TopologyThe most common type is called a Star Topology. Each device is connected to a dedicated substitution hub. All the data on the network flows through the network via the central hub. These types of networks tend to be small, as data could be vitiated or lost on a voluminous network. The main advantages to this is that it is liberal to setup and easy to convey new devices to the network. But if the central hub fails, the whole network goes down. all-inclusive StarSimilar to t he Star Topology, provided instead computers are multitudeed together and connected to a local hub, which in turn is connected to a central hub. This is widely used in large networks where the network may be in a large building, and each pigeonholing of computers may represent each department. There are more points of failure on this network, but if a local hub fails, past the rest of the network will not be affected.Hierarchical or channelise TopologyThis is very similar to a Ring Topology, but computers are attached to the central hub in layers. While the structure looks different, this ease has the main disadvantage of network failure if the top device goes down. enlist TopologyAll the above topologies bear out from the same problem. If one device fails on the network, the whole network goes down. The only solution is to connect each device with each other and remove the need for a server. This is the Mesh Topology and has two main advantages If a device fails, the network will still work and the network doesnt need to rely on the process power, bandwidth etc from a server as it is supplied from each computer. The disadvantage to this is the high cost of connecting each device to each other, so this would not be suitable on a large network. This type of topology is also referred to as Peer-to-Peer whereas the other topologies are considered to be Client/Server based.A equal between cost and connectivity would be the partial derivative Connected Topology.Devices are connected to more than one node on the network, so if one fails the network can still work. This is more cost effective than Mesh Topology as less cabling is required. depute 2bRecommendationsAs it stands, the structure of the current network is a Hierarchical or direct Topology. The network uses two different switches to connect the Domain dominance to the 24 computers. These are from two manufacturers CISCO and 3Com and this offers 100Mb and 10Mb drives respectively. This is a disad vantage because one group of computers has a fast data transfer rate than the other.The network does not have a fortuity recovery plan should the Domain dominance fail. This has the potential for putting the whole network at risk from permanent data loss. The network also shares a single printer which is attached to the Domain Controller, 10 of the computers are connected to it through the pokey 3Com 10Mb switch. This means all 24 computers print via the Domain Controller (which is currently overloaded) and 10 computers send data at a slower rate than the rest of the network.My jump recommendation would be to convert both switches with a single CISCO 100Mb 48 port switch (631.99 from MISCO website). This would provide a standard, quicker data transfer speed throughout the network and support for the network to expand. There are a marrow of 24 computers, and this switch would enable a further 24 devices to be added to the network e.g. additional computers, printers etc. This would allow the network to expand whilst maintaining a fast data transfer speed.With the new switch in place, my coterminous recommendation would be to replace the HP Laserjet III (USB connection only) with a newer, network-ready printer like the HP Laserjet 2055DN or P2030 which costs 319 and 160 from HP website. By replacing it with a newer model, printing could be completed quicker, quieter and more cost effectively e.g. more reliable printing, more strength efficient, lower consumable costs etc. Also, sharing the workload throughout a faster network is more efficient than channelling all the printing requirements of the network to an older single printer on a slow 10Mb switch via the Domain Controller. This will also process reduce the workload to the Domain Controller.While the Domain Controllers workload can be reduced by the addition of a network-ready printer, other options could be to increase the specifications (e.g greater hard drive lacuna, more memory etc). Ensurin g the controller has the latest software updates will date both the running cap magnate and increase the network security. This will sponsor prevent unauthorized access (hacking) to the network.My final examination recommendation is add disaster recovery and conflicting working within the network, By regularly backing up data on a daily/weekly/monthly basis, this will delay the network can be restored in slip of paper of original data loss. To assist learn or to prevent students from accidentally causation errors/problems within the network, remote working should be enabled.User accounts can be easy spend a pennyd in active agent Directory though the use of a standard template. Templates could be set up for both students and tutors, so all of the common properties of the accounts are already established. When a new user account is required, the administrator will only need to complete the fields that require unique determine (eg, name, address, telephone number, occup ation details etc). at once the users have been created within the Active Directory, they can be placed into Organisational Units (OUs). This will group together users, so in this situation students could be placed in OUs which represent their course.When the OUs are established, the users sort settings can be applied through the convention Policy Management condole with (GPMC). It give ways hundreds of user configuration settings, security options and user event logs, all which can be applied as required by the college administrators.Figure 2 recitation of the Group Policy Management storage locker (GPMC)By exploitation Group Policies effectively, the administrator can control and manage exactly what users can and cannot do whilst logged onto the domain. Administrators are able to control how the desktop appears, the icons that are available and the ability to configure the task bar etc by applying the Desktop setting found within the User var. in the GPMC. This could be u seful if the college policy states that all users must have the Llandrillo College logo as their wallpaper, and various required icons are in place and users to have access to various programs via the show up menu.To improve parole security, administrators are able to increase the effectiveness of the passwords that users apply to treasure their identity on the network. The password options can be found within the countersignature Policy within the Computer Configuration section of the GPMC. These options include the ability to employ old passwords, to apply complexed passwords (eg. more than 6 characters, using upper, lower case garner and digits 0-9). In the example, a programmer has created a random word generator to create passwords. Group policy could be put together so when they log on for the first-year time, users input the randomly generated password and then they must input their own password using a complexed password. If the user ever forgets the password at any time, administrators are able to reset it through the Active Directory Users & Computers mechanism.Figure 3 Example of watchword Policy within GPMCTo prevent users from using too more disk space on the network, administrators are able to allocate limited disk space to users and by applying prompts when this space is nearly used up. By putting this in place, administrators can account how many users will be on the system multiplied by how much hard disk space each user will be allocated. This get along will be the minimum criterion of disk space required for all users in each new academic year. Administrators will be able to ensure the server can physically hold all the users data without completely running out or running low of disk space.To achieve this, administrators will need to locate the allocated hard drive and apply a quota, limiting users on how much space they can use. Individual users can have separate entries in the quota, allowing them to have a lesser or a grea ter share of disk space. This would be useful for tutors who may need greater disk space to store course material etc.When the network is running, administrators may be required to monitor the networks resources to ensure it exceeds the users demands. The tool required is called the Performance Console which is found under Administrative Tools. This tool appears in the form of a graph although it has three counters as a fail (MemoryPages/Second, PhysicalDisk Average Disk Queue space and Processor % Processor Time), additional counters can be easily added or outside accordingly. A college administrator may add counters to monitor network bandwidth, server engagement (memory, cpu performance, disk performance etc).To help administrators monitor the server, counter logs and alerts can be applied. This can enable administrators to proactively identify when system resources run too low or to identify possible hardware failures/malfunctions. whatsoever one of these problems could res ult in a degraded performance or total server failure.Figure 5 Example of the Performance ConsoleThe college network may be required to support remote users, allowing them to access the college network whilst being in a different location eg working from home, from another campus etc. This can be achieved through the use of a practical(prenominal) Private Network (VPN). The user will be able to access the colleges network through the use of the internet whilst achieving the required security and data encryption. The networks firewall must have exceptions to allow authenticated users to access the network whilst preventing unauthorised access.Once the network is running effectively, the conterminous challenge administrators will face is maintaining the security and the efficiency of the network. This can be achieved by deploying server updates and hotfixes as provided by Microsoft. The server can be updated with the use of reflex(a) Updates, which can be found within the All Progr ams menu under the alternate button. Updates can be downloaded either slap-up away or scheduled to download at a certain day/time. This could be configured to download when the network is at its quietest time (eg 10pm). This would ensure that the update would not effect the overall performance during busy periods.Also, updates for the users computers may be required. kind of of administrators physically installation them on every computer on the network, this could be downloaded on the server as an *msi file and automatically installed via a group policy. So the next time users within the network log onto the network, they will automatically be downloaded & installing the updates from the server with no intervention required.

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay

Women and men use stereotypes to create sense of the planet.† (Feenstra, 6. 1 Prejudice, stereotypes, logical and discrimination, para 1). Prejudice is a negative belief or feeling (attitude) about a particular group of individuals. Prejudices can be passed on from one generation to the next.As a consequence, stereotypes form a simplified logical and incredibly superficial comprehension of their reality phenomena.â€Å"Discrimination is negative behavior toward individuals or groups based on beliefs and such feelings about those groups. A group you are a part of is called your ingroup. Ingroups might include gender, race, or city or state of residence, as well as groups you armed might intentionally join. A group you are not a part of is called your outgroup.

There are just twenty two minor kinds of discrimination.The world was a changing place; many times, we saw and heard prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination at its worst. Unfortunately, we are seeing the same types of prejudices, stereotyping, and discrimination going on today; especially since the â€Å"9-11† attacks and with the â€Å"Occupy or 99%† movement going on today. Social identities depend on the groups to which people belong.Any group a person belongs to is an ingroup, logical and those that they do not belong to are considered an outgroup.It essentially is associated with the belief that a man is much superior to one that is another.And outgroup homogeneity bias blinds us to the differences within the outgroup. † (Feenstra, 6. 1 Social Cognitive origins of prejudice and stereotypes, para 2). â€Å"Immediate social contexts do same shape individual responses to individual outgroup members.

Prejudice doesnt rely with people.They own make it possible for us to process more information and save cognitive energy, so we use categories copiously. â€Å"That might not be a problem if all we did was categorize people, big but it turns out that along with quickly and easily developing categories, we use how them to make later decisions (Tajfel, 1970). † (Feenstra, 2011, 6. 2 Categorization, para.It contributes to discrimination.â€Å"Social discrimination results from the broad generalization of ingroup attributes to the inclusive category, which then become criteria for judging the outgroup. Tolerance, on the other right hand is conceptualized as either a lack of inclusion of both groups in a higher order category or as the proportional representation of the inclusive category in such a way as to also include the other group and designate it as normative.† (Mummendey & Wenzel, 1999, P. 158).

It could be spread by the use of propaganda.d. , P. 10). Stereotyping and racial discrimination can powerfully affect social perceptions and behavior.Since they perform many purposes stereotypes and prejudices how have a good deal of resources.d. , P. 19).Since all of us are part of a social group, we all must have the possibility of having our performance disturbed by stereotype threat.

Competition for funds may additionally fresh produce bias.d. , P. 11). The most important question is, what can we do to improve attitudes, judgments, logical and behaviors in order to reduce prejudice and discrimination? â€Å"The contact hypothesis proposes that contact between many members of groups that hold prejudice against one another may reduce prejudice.Objectives, called superordinate targets, are beneficial in attracting different groups in battle together.Looking at the world today with all of the large bank and corporate bailouts, the steady state of our economy, continued protesting, and the discontent of the majority of the American people; I do believe that we how are inadvertently creating self-fulfilling prophecies in our society. In Self-Fulfilling Prophecies, Michael Biggs states, â€Å"A theory of american society could, in principle, prove self-fulfilling.Marxism predicts that capitalism is fated to end in revolution; if many people believe in the theory , then they could forment revolution (Biggs, 2009). † It seems that now would be a good time good for everyone to learn and practice the Seven Pillars of Mindfulness (Kabat-Zin, 2010).

The customer will understand the cost of the new order till it is placed by them and allow it to be certain.6 Conclusion). References Biggs. M. (2009).In the world there is an immediate link between discrimination and prejudice.uk/~sfos0060/prophecies. pdf Feenstra, J. (2011). Introduction to social psychology.

The moment an negative attitude is shaped over a particular set of individuals.Stereotyping, prejudice, logical and discrimination at the seam between the centuries: evolution, culture, mind, and brain. European new Journal of Social Psychology (30), 299-322. Retrieved from http://www2. psych.Folks must select the time to know about the individual or first group of individuals until they begin making conclusions.Mindful Attitudes. Retrieved from http://mindfulworkshops. com/? tag=non-judging. Mummendey A.

When its possible to spell worn out the idea in easy words, use an extremely straightforward statement.3, No. 2, 158-174. Retrieved from http://dtserv2. compsy.Three other theorists ideas play a important part in the movie.(n. d. ). The psychology of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination: An overview.

In non violence issues resulting In this, and at times crime, aroused.Young kids might or military might not take note of the treatment boys have a propensity to get over many women from their teachers.What might be a history of the individual to an summary of the, likewise.Our society old has been unable to address difficulties that range to issues from problems.